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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469281

ABSTRACT

Abstract Endozoochory by waterbirds is particularly relevant to the dispersal of non-flying aquatic invertebrates. This ecological function exercised by birds has been demonstrated in different biogeographical regions, but there are no studies for the neotropical region. In this work, we identified propagules of invertebrates in faeces of 14 syntopic South American waterbird species representing six families, and hatched additional invertebrates from cultured faeces. We tested whether propagule abundance, species richness and composition varied among bird species, and between the cold and warm seasons. We found 164 invertebrate propagules in faecal samples from seven different waterbirds species, including eggs of the Temnocephalida and Notonectidae, statoblasts of bryozoans (Plumatella sp.) and ephippia of Cladocera. Ciliates (including Paramecium sp. and Litostomatea), nematodes and rotifers (Adineta sp. and Nottomatidae) hatched from cultured samples. Potential for endozoochory was confirmed for 12 of 14 waterbird species. Our statistical models suggest that richness and abundance of propagules are associated with bird species and not affected by seasonality. Dispersal by endozoochory is potentially important to a broad variety of invertebrates, being promoted by waterbirds with different ecological and morphological traits, which are likely to drive the dispersal of invertebrates in neotropical wetlands.


Resumo A endozoocoria promovida por aves aquáticas é particularmente relevante para a dispersão de invertebrados aquáticos não-voadores. Essa função ecológica exercida pelas aves tem sido demonstrada para diferentes regiões biogeográficas, porém, não existem estudos para a região neotropical. Neste trabalho nós identificamos propágulos de invertebrados encontrados em fezes de 14 espécies sintópicas de aves aquáticas da América do Sul, representando seis famílias de aves, e também invertebrados emergidos de amostras fecais cultivadas em laboratório. Testamos se a abundância, riqueza de espécies e composição de propágulos de invertebrados variavam entre as espécies de aves e entre estações. Nós encontramos 164 propágulos de invertebrados em amostras fecais de sete espécies de aves, incluindo ovos de Temnocephalida e Notonectidae, estatoblastos de briozoários (Plumatella sp.) e efípios de Cladocera. Ciliados (incluindo Paramecium sp. e Litostomatea), nematóides e rotíferos (Adineta sp. e Nottomatidae) eclodiram de amostras cultivadas. O potencial para endozoocoria foi confirmado para 12 das 14 espécies de aves aquáticas investigadas. Nossos modelos estatísticos sugerem que a riqueza e abundância de propágulos estão associadas às espécies de aves e não são afetadas pela sazonalidade. A dispersão por endozoocoria é importante para uma ampla variedade de invertebrados, sendo promovida por aves aquáticas com diferentes características ecológicas e morfológicas as quais provavelmente regulam a dispersão de invertebrados entre áreas úmidas neotropicais.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e250280, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355867

ABSTRACT

Abstract Endozoochory by waterbirds is particularly relevant to the dispersal of non-flying aquatic invertebrates. This ecological function exercised by birds has been demonstrated in different biogeographical regions, but there are no studies for the neotropical region. In this work, we identified propagules of invertebrates in faeces of 14 syntopic South American waterbird species representing six families, and hatched additional invertebrates from cultured faeces. We tested whether propagule abundance, species richness and composition varied among bird species, and between the cold and warm seasons. We found 164 invertebrate propagules in faecal samples from seven different waterbirds species, including eggs of the Temnocephalida and Notonectidae, statoblasts of bryozoans (Plumatella sp.) and ephippia of Cladocera. Ciliates (including Paramecium sp. and Litostomatea), nematodes and rotifers (Adineta sp. and Nottomatidae) hatched from cultured samples. Potential for endozoochory was confirmed for 12 of 14 waterbird species. Our statistical models suggest that richness and abundance of propagules are associated with bird species and not affected by seasonality. Dispersal by endozoochory is potentially important to a broad variety of invertebrates, being promoted by waterbirds with different ecological and morphological traits, which are likely to drive the dispersal of invertebrates in neotropical wetlands.


Resumo A endozoocoria promovida por aves aquáticas é particularmente relevante para a dispersão de invertebrados aquáticos não-voadores. Essa função ecológica exercida pelas aves tem sido demonstrada para diferentes regiões biogeográficas, porém, não existem estudos para a região neotropical. Neste trabalho nós identificamos propágulos de invertebrados encontrados em fezes de 14 espécies sintópicas de aves aquáticas da América do Sul, representando seis famílias de aves, e também invertebrados emergidos de amostras fecais cultivadas em laboratório. Testamos se a abundância, riqueza de espécies e composição de propágulos de invertebrados variavam entre as espécies de aves e entre estações. Nós encontramos 164 propágulos de invertebrados em amostras fecais de sete espécies de aves, incluindo ovos de Temnocephalida e Notonectidae, estatoblastos de briozoários (Plumatella sp.) e efípios de Cladocera. Ciliados (incluindo Paramecium sp. e Litostomatea), nematóides e rotíferos (Adineta sp. e Nottomatidae) eclodiram de amostras cultivadas. O potencial para endozoocoria foi confirmado para 12 das 14 espécies de aves aquáticas investigadas. Nossos modelos estatísticos sugerem que a riqueza e abundância de propágulos estão associadas às espécies de aves e não são afetadas pela sazonalidade. A dispersão por endozoocoria é importante para uma ampla variedade de invertebrados, sendo promovida por aves aquáticas com diferentes características ecológicas e morfológicas as quais provavelmente regulam a dispersão de invertebrados entre áreas úmidas neotropicais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Wetlands , Invertebrates , Seasons , Birds
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(2): 575-587, Apr.-Jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897564

ABSTRACT

ResumenLa dispersión de semillas es un proceso clave en el restablecimiento de la vegetación en áreas rehabilitadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la contribución de las hormigas Ectatomma ruidum y Pheidole fallax en la dispersión y germinación de semillas en áreas rehabilitadas en la mina de carbón del Cerrejón, Colombia. En cada área se instalaron cuatro parcelas de 6 x 40 m, donde se contó el número de nidos por especie y se midió la distancia entre los nidos más próximo de cada especie. De los nidos contabilizados cinco nidos fueron seleccionados para la extracción de semillas, por cada nido extraído se tomó un control. Un total de 295 nidos fueron contabilizados, 59 para la época seca y 236 para la época de lluvia, 84 pertenecían a P. fallax y 211 a E. ruidum. Un total de 21 304 semillas fueron encontradas en los nidos y suelos control, 19 349 fueron obtenidas de los nidos y basureros de P. fallax y 318 en nidos de E. ruidum, en el suelo control se hallaron 597 semillas. El número de semillas extraídas en los nidos fue significativamente mayor a la de los controles. El número de semillas removidas por P. fallax presentó diferencias significativas respecto a las removidas por E. ruidum. El porcentaje de germinación en los nidos fue mayor que en los controles, en el caso de P. fallax, el porcentaje de germinación fue bajo en los controles y alto tanto en los basureros como los nidos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que E. ruidum y P. fallax podrían contribuir a la dispersión de las semillas y al restablecimiento de la vegetación en las áreas donde se encuentran, lo cual es un aporte significativo para la rehabilitación de las áreas degradas por la minería.


AbstractSeed dispersal is a key process in the re-establishment of vegetation on reclaimed lands. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the ant species Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax to seed dispersal and germination on reclaimed lands in the Cerrejón coal mine, Colombia. Four 6 x 40 m plots were installed in each area, in which the number of nests by species was counted and distances between closest nests of each species were measured. Five of the nests counted were chosen for seed extraction, and a nearby control sample was taken from each nest. In total, 295 nests were counted: 59 nests during the dry season and 236 nests during the rainy season, of which 84 belonged to P. fallax and 211 belonged to E. ruidum. A total of 21 304 seeds were found in nests and control samples, of which 19 349 were obtained from P. fallax nest refuse, and 318 were obtained from E. ruidum nests; 597 seeds were found in control samples. The number of seeds extracted from nests was significantly higher than the number of seeds removed from control samples. There was a significant difference between the number of seeds removed by P. fallax and the number of seeds removed by E. ruidum. The seed germination percentage from nests was higher than the percentage from seeds in control samples. In the case of P. fallax, the germination percentage was lower in control samples and higher in nests and refuse. The results suggest that the ant species E. ruidum and P. fallax may contribute to seed dispersal and re-establishment of vegetation in areas where they were found. These ants may thus significantly contribute to restoration processes in areas degraded by mining.

4.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 17(4): e20170355, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951125

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chrysophyllum is the second largest genus of Sapotaceae, with 81 species distributed in the neotropics. Little data are found in the literature regarding the morphology of seedlings and the early development of this genus. This study aims to morphologically characterize the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. Fruits were collected from individuals present in two fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco. A sample of 100 seeds and 100 fruits was randomly selected to obtain the morphological data. The seeds were sown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. The fruits are bacoid, obovoid and globose with one or two functional seeds per fruit. The seeds are obovate, with the shape of the hilum ranging from elliptical transverse to oblong transverse. The embryo is cotyledonar, with a spatulated form. The cotyledons are foliaceous and whitish-translucent. The endosperm is abundant and whitish. Germination is epigeal, phanerocotylar and unipolar. The seedling has different characteristics than those of the adult individual, such as the shape and leaf consistency, type of leaf margin, type of venation variation, number of pairs of secondary veins, trichome coloring and abundance of latex.


Resumo Chrysophyllum é o segundo maior gênero de Sapotaceae, com 81 espécies distribuídas nos neotrópicos. Dados encontrados na literatura sobre a morfologia dos propágulos e desenvolvimento inicial do gênero ainda são escassos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente o fruto, a semente e a plântula de Chrysophyllum rufum Mart.. Os frutos foram coletados de indivíduos presentes em fragmentos de floresta Atlântica, Pernambuco. Uma amostra de 100 frutos e 100 sementes foi selecionada aleatoriamente para obtenção dos dados morfológicos. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas plásticas, em casa de vegetação. Os frutos são do tipo bacóide, obovóides a globosos, com uma ou duas sementes funcionais por fruto. As sementes são obovadas, hilo com forma variando de transversal elíptica a transversal oblonga. O embrião é cotiledonar, com forma espatulada. Os cotilédones são foliáceos, esbranquiçado-translúcido. O endosperma é abundante e esbranquiçado. A germinação é epígea, fanerocotiledonar e unipolar. A plântula apresenta caracteres diferentes do indivíduo adulto, tais como a forma e consistência foliar, tipo de margem foliar, variação do tipo de venação, número de pares de veias secundárias, coloração do tricoma e abundância do látex.

5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(supl.19): 5-10, Sept. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762050

ABSTRACT

SUMMARYResearch on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has centered in the yeast cell probably because of the lack of distinctive features in the mycelium. In 1942 and for the first time, lateral conidia were noticed in the fungus' hyphae. Later on, Brazilian, Venezuelan and Argentinean researchers described "aleurias" when the fungus was grown in natural substrates. In 1970 authors became interested in the conidia and were able to obtain them in large numbers and treat them as individual units. Their shape and size were defined and the presence of all the elements of a competent eukaryotic cell were demonstrated. Conidia exhibited thermal dimorphism and, additionally, when given intranasally to BALB/c male mice, they converted into yeasts in the lungs and produce progressive pulmonary lesions with further dissemination to other organs. Studies on the phagocyte-conidia interaction were revealing and showed that these versatile structures allow a better understanding of the host- P. brasiliensisinteractions.


RESUMOA investigação sobre Paracoccidioides brasiliensis tem-se centrado na célula de levedura, provavelmente devido à falta de características distintas no micélio. Em 1942 e, pela primeira vez, conídios laterais foram notados nos hifas dos fungos. Mais tarde, pesquisadores brasileiros, venezuelanos e argentinos descreveram "aleurias" quando o fungo foi cultivado em substratos naturais. Em 1970, os autores se interessaram pelos conídios e foram capazes de obtê-los em grande número e tratá-los como unidades individuais. A sua forma e tamanho foram definidos, e a presença de todos os elementos de uma célula eucariótica competente foram demonstrados. Conídios apresentam dimorfismo térmico e, além disso, quando administrados por via intranasal a camundongos BALB/c machos, são convertidos em leveduras nos pulmões e produzem lesões pulmonares progressivas com posterior disseminação para outros órgãos. Estudos sobre a interação de fagócitos-conídios foram reveladores e mostraram que estas estruturas versáteis permitem melhor compreensão das interacções entre hospedeiro e P. brasiliensis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Paracoccidioides/pathogenicity , Paracoccidioidomycosis/microbiology , Spores, Fungal/pathogenicity , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Paracoccidioides/physiology , Spores, Fungal/physiology
6.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 63(2): 117-122, mayo.-ago. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615547

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los miembros del complejo Cryptococcus neoformans, son la causa de criptococosis en humanos y animales. La infección en humanos es adquirida por la inhalación de los propágulos presentes en el ambiente, por esta razón es de gran importancia el estudio de su hábitat. Objetivo: determinar la relación ecológica de Cryptococcus gattii con árboles de Terminalia catappa presentes en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Montería, Colombia. Métodos: se seleccionaron 163 árboles de Terminalia catappa de los cuales se tomaron muestras de corteza, hojas, flores, fruto y suelo circundante. El aislamiento se realizó utilizando el medio de agar semillas de Guizotia abyssinica, la identificación se hizo mediante pruebas morfológicas y fisiológicas y la variedad se determinó con las pruebas de L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol (CGB), D-prolina y D-triptofano. Resultados: se obtuvieron 9,050 UFC/g con características de Cryptococcus spp. De ellas, 5,795 UFC/g correspondieron presuntivamente a Cryptococcus gattii. El mayor porcentaje de aislamientos se encontró en flores, seguido por corteza y fruto, con tamaños celulares y capsulares pequeños. Estos aislamientos fueron más frecuentes en el sur de la ciudad, seguido por la zona centro y en menor porcentaje por la zona norte. Conclusiones: los hallazgos muestran una estrecha relación entre Cryptococcus gattii y Terminalia catappa. Este estudio es el primero que se hace en la ciudad de Montería. Los resultados brindan información valiosa para la comprensión y el análisis sobre la epidemiología de la criptococosis en la ciudad de Montería, Colombia.


Introduction: the members of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex are responsible for cryptococcosis in animals and humans. Human infection is thought to be acquired by inhalation of airborne propagules from an environmental source; therefore it is greatly important to study their habitat. Objective: to determine the ecological relationship of Cryptococcus gattii with Terminalia catappa trees present in urban areas of Montería city in Colombia. Methods: a total of 163 Terminalia catappa trees were selected; some samples were taken from the bark, the leaves, the flowers, the fruits of these trees and from the surrounding soil. The yeast was isolated using the Guizotia abyssinica seed agar medium; it was identified thanks to biochemical and morphologic tests whereas the right variety was determined by L-canavanine-glycine- bromothymol blue (CGB), D-proline and D-tryptophan tests. Results: there was obtained 9.050 CFU/g isolate of Cryptococcus spp., 5.795 CFU/g of which were presumptively identified as Cryptococcus gattii. The highest percentage of isolates was found in flowers, followed by bark and fruits, presenting small cellular and capsular sizes. These isolates were more frequent in the south of the city, followed by the center zone and the lowest percentage in the northern zone. Conclusions: these findings confirmed the close relationship of Cryptococcus gattii and Terminalia catappa, being this the first study conducted in Montería city. These results give us meaningful information for understanding and analyzing the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Monteria city, Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cryptococcus gattii/isolation & purification , Terminalia/microbiology , Colombia , Urban Health
7.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 33(1): 139-143, jan.-fev. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507964

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, estudar a resposta produtiva da mandioquinha-salsa 'Amarela de Carandaí', propagada por mudas grandes-MG (22,1 g); médias-MM (14,1 g); pequenas-MP (9,7 g) e muito pequenas-MMP (5,7 g) e cultivada em canteiros com duas-2F e três fileiras-3F de plantas. Foram feitas colheitas aos 211 e 239 dias após o plantio-DAP. Todas as características avaliadas nas plantas, nas duas colheitas, foram influenciadas de forma variável pela interação tamanho das mudas e número de fileiras no canteiro. As maiores alturas das plantas foram daquelas do tratamento MP3F, nas duas épocas de colheita, mas, as colhidas aos 211 DAP (35,64 cm) apresentaram 4,50 cm a mais em relação às colhidas aos 239 DAP (31,14 cm). As massas frescas de folhas foram maiores nas plantas do tratamento MG2F (23,86 t ha-1), aos 211 DAP, e as do MM3F (22,09 t ha-1), aos 239 DAP. As maiores médias de massas frescas de rebentos (8,66 t ha-1) e de coroas (5,66 t ha-1) foram obtidas aos 239 DAP, em relação às dos 211 DAP (7,19 e 4,20 t ha-1). As maiores produções de raízes comerciais (11,61 t ha-1) e de não comerciais (5,80 t ha-1) foram do tratamento MG3P, aos 211 DAP e dos tratamentos MMP2F (14,48 t ha-1) e MP3F (5,92 t ha-1), respectivamente, aos 239 DAP. As massas frescas de raízes comerciais representaram apenas 18,31 por cento e 23,08 por cento, aos 211 DAP e 239 DAP, respectivamente, em relação à produção total das plantas.


The present research aimed to study the productive response of 'Amarela de Carandaí Peruvian carrot (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft), which was propagated by big - MG (22.1 g); medium - MM (14.1 g); small - MP (9.7 g) and very small - MMP (5.7 g) seedlings and cultivated on plots with two (2F) and three (3F) rows of plants. Harvests were accomplished at 211 and 239 days after planting (DAP). Every evaluated plant characteristics from the two harvests were diversely influenced by the interaction between the seedling sizes and the number of rows per plot. The highest height of plants were those from the MP3F treatments, for both dates of harvest, but those harvested at 211 DAP (35.64 cm) showed an extra 4.50 cm in relation to those harvested at 239 DAP (31.14 cm). Fresh matters of leaves were higher for plants from the MG2F treatment (23.86 t ha-1), at 211 DAP, and from the MM3F (22.09 t ha-1), at 239 DAP. The highest averages of fresh matters of shoots (8.66 t ha-1) and of crowns (5.66 t ha-1) were obtained from 239 DAP, in relation to those from 211 DAP (7.19 and 4.20 t ha-1). The highest yields of commercial roots (11.61 t ha-1) and non-commercial roots (5.80 t ha-1) were from the MG3F treatment, at 211 DAP and from the MMP2F (14.48 t ha-1) and MP3F (5.92 t ha-1) treatments, respectively, at 239 DAP. The fresh matter of commercial roots represented only 18.31 percent and 23.08 percent, at 211 DAP and 239 DAP, respectively, in relation to total yield of plants.

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